13.4 Assessment of potential construction impacts

This section assesses visual impacts on receivers during construction. An overview of visual impacts is provided, including the impact assessment ratings for sensitivity and magnitude at each facility. Site layouts are indicative and dimensions of structures and buildings mentioned in this section, including noise walls, hoarding, fences and acoustic sheds, would be confirmed during detailed design. Receivers with views of construction ancillary facilities and construction activities could include:

Residents that adjoin and/or have views of the project
Workers in commercial properties that adjoin and/or have views of the project
Road users and pedestrians
Users of recreation areas/reserves with views of the project.

Visual impacts during construction would result from the introduction of construction ancillary facilities into the existing landscape. This would include night lighting at sites that involve tunnelling activities or that support tunnelling activities.
Construction activities that would take place at the construction ancillary facilities are discussed in Chapter 6 (Construction work). In general, visible construction activities would include (where required):

Vegetation removal
Noise barriers/hoarding/fencing
Heavy and/or light vehicle access potentially 24 hours a day, seven days a week
Staff amenities buildings
Workshops and storage containers
Stockpile and laydown areas
The operation of plant and equipment, including cranes
Lighting for night-time works
Water storage tanks
The construction of infrastructure for the operation of the project.

The potential night lighting impacts at the relevant construction ancillary facilities are also assessed.
Impact ratings for visual and night lighting impacts during construction are included in the summary tables for each construction ancillary facility assessed in this section. A detailed explanation of these impact ratings is provided Appendix O (Technical working paper: Landscape and visual impact).
The detailed design of construction ancillary facilities would include the consideration of CPTED principles, which are outlined in section 13.5.8.

13.4.1 Visual impacts on sensitive receivers

Representative receiver locations have been identified at each construction facility and potential visual impacts on these receivers are summarised in Table 13-5. The location of representative receiver locations is shown in Figure 13-5 to Figure 13-16.
Table 13-5 Summary of construction visual impacts on sensitive receivers

13.4.2 Construction lighting impacts

Potential night lighting impacts on receivers at representative receiver locations for each construction ancillary facility are summarised in Table 13-6. It is anticipated that construction works at The Crescent civil site (C6), the Victoria Road civil site (C7) and the Iron Cove Link civil site (C8) would be carried out during standard daytime construction hours and therefore impacts on night lighting have not been assessed at these locations. The location of representative receiver locations is shown in Figure 13-5 to Figure 13-16.
Table 13-6 Summary of construction lighting impacts.

13.5 Assessment of operational impacts

The operational landscape character and visual impacts (including impacts on views, landscape character and night lighting) and urban design aspects of the project have been assessed at the following areas where built form operational infrastructure would be visible:

Wattle Street interchange
Darley Road motorway operations complex (MOC1) at Leichhardt
The Rozelle interchange, including the Rozelle Rail Yards and adjacent areas along City West Link, The Crescent and Victoria Road (including the Rozelle West motorway operations complex (MOC2) and Rozelle East motorway operations complex (MOC3))
The Iron Cove Link, predominantly along the Victoria Road corridor and on land that would be acquired for the project along the southern side of Victoria Road between Byrnes Street and Springside Street at Rozelle (including the Iron Cove Link portals and the Iron Cove Link motorway operations complex (MOC4))
Campbell Road motorway operations complex (MOC5) at the St Peters interchange.

A selection of artists impressions are provided in the sections below for project operational infrastructure. The bulk, mass and scale of motorway operational infrastructure such as the motorway operations complexes shown in the artists impressions based on the concept design developed for the project. Detailed depictions of these built form elements associated with the project would be prepared during detailed design, in consultation with relevant stakeholders and the community. These would be included in the UDLPs that would be prepared for the project.
The urban design principles and objectives described in section 13.2.2 form the basis for the development of detailed plans that would identify the form and typology of landscaping that would be carried out as part of the project. These include creating a sustainable and enduring design, and integrating the motorway in its context. The project has committed to delivering new open space at the Rozelle Rail Yards, which are currently disused and inaccessible (refer to section 13.5.3). Explicit measures to integrate and/ or shield operational elements of the project through landscaping would
be developed in consultation with relevant stakeholders (including UrbanGrowth NSW as appropriate) and the community, and in consideration of broader strategic planning objectives, and would be documented in the UDLPs that would be prepared for the project.
Ratings for landscape character impact, visual impact and night lighting impacts during construction are included in the summary tables for area of operational infrastructure assessed in this section. A detailed explanation of these impact ratings is provided Appendix O (Technical working paper: Landscape and visual impact).

The total potential visibility of built form operational infrastructure has also been identified through visual envelope mapping which is provided in full in Appendix O (Technical working paper: Landscape and visual impact). along with a full suite of visualisations of existing viewpoints and artist impressions of these viewpoints at 12 to 18 months and 10 years after operation.

13.5.1 Wattle Street interchange

The design of the Wattle Street interchange has been developed and assessed as part of the M4 East EIS. The approach is detailed in the Draft M4 East Urban Design and Landscape Plan which was publicly exhibited and made available for community feedback between 19 September and 17 October 2016. Community submissions were reviewed following exhibition and would be addressed in the next revision of the plan.
Once construction of both projects is completed, remaining project land not required for operational infrastructure or subject to landscape works as part of the M4 East project would be rehabilitated and would be subject to the M4 East project’s Residual Land Management Plan, UDLPs and/or the M4 East Legacy Project. These plans are currently being prepared by the M4 East project team and would be subject to the consultation requirements and timeframes set out in the M4 East project conditions of approval. The project would not impact on the implementation of these plans, but may impact the timing in which in the plans are carried out.

13.5.6 Mainline tunnels

A concept for in-tunnel experience would be prepared as part of the UDLPs for the project (refer to section 13.5.9). The in-tunnel experience for the M4–M5 Link would be developed to be consistent with and to complement the adjoining M4 East and New M5 tunnels, and in accordance with the following principles:

Creation of landmark or site specific/unique experiences
Use of optimal lighting / adaptable luminance
Creation of subtle variations to keep drivers alert
Measures to break up long continuous travel distances
Shifting gradients and alignments to avoid monotony
Providing clear speed and distance references
Legible wayfinding.

13.5.7 Remaining project land

Subject to future detailed design and the requirements of the project, parts of the project footprint not required for operational infrastructure and/or landscaping may be contemplated for separate future redevelopment. In some instances, areas of land may also be retained by Roads and Maritime for future (separate) road infrastructure projects. Where this is the case, the land would be rehabilitated and stabilised in preparation for the potential future use. This land is identified as remaining project
land.
Remaining project land would be subject to the provisions of a Residual Land Management Plan that would be prepared in consultation with the relevant council and would identify (and consider), but not be limited to:

Identification and illustration of all remaining project land, including the location, land use characteristics, size and adjacent land uses
Identification of feasible uses for remaining project land including justification for the selected use
Timeframes for implementation of the actions in relation to the identified feasible uses.

Future development would be subject to separate development assessment and approval. The project would not rezone or consolidate remaining project land and therefore there would be no changes to land use zoning for future development.
In addition, remaining project land around the Wattle Street interchange at Haberfield and the St Peters interchange at St Peters would be managed to be consistent with the M4 East and New M5 projects’ respective Residual Land Management Plans and UDLPs, including the M4 East Legacy Project (as required by the conditions of approval for the M4 East and New M5 projects). The project would not impact on the implementation of these plans, but may impact the timing in which in the plans are carried out.
Further discussion regarding remaining project land is provided in Chapter 12 (Land use and property).

13.5.8 Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design

Principles of CPTED would be considered and incorporated into the urban design through the preparation of the UDLPs for the project. Key CPTED principles to reduce opportunities for crime are outlined below:

Surveillance: the public realm and buildings should be designed and managed to maximise the potential for passive surveillance
Legibility: the public domain should be designed, detailed and managed to make them easy to navigate and understand for users, especially pedestrians and cyclists, without losing the capacity for variety and interest
Territoriality: security should be supported by designing and managing spaces and buildings to define clearly legitimate boundaries between private, semi-private, community group and public space
Ownership of the outcomes: a feeling of individual and community ownership of the public realm and associated built environments must be promoted to encourage a level of shared responsibility for their security
Management: the public realm should be designed and detailed to minimise damage and the need for undue maintenance, without undermining the aesthetic and functional qualities that make the places attractive to the community. Systems of both regular and reactive maintenance and repair should be implemented to maintain the quality of the places. A regular auditing system of CPTED issues in the public domain should be implemented
Vulnerability:

– The public domain should be designed and managed to reduce or limit risk from assault by providing well-lit, active and overlooked places and pedestrian and cyclist systems and routes to important places
– The design and management of places should avoid creating or maintaining hidden spaces close to pedestrian/cyclist travel routes in the public realm, in ways that remain consistent with the purpose of the place
– The design and management of the public domain should provide a variety of routes and other ways to avoid potential or actual problems
– The pursuit of safety should be delivered in ways consistent with the purpose of the place.
During detailed design, specific design measures at surface operational infrastructure would be identified to prevent crime.

13.5.9 Urban design and landscape assessment

The urban design and landscape works that would be carried out by the project would be documented in UDLPs. UDLPs would be prepared in consultation with stakeholders and the community prior to the commencement of permanent built surface works and/or landscape works and would present an integrated urban design for the project.
The concepts and principles outlined in the UDLPs would be developed into a detailed design for operational project infrastructure. The detailed design would be consistent with the project urban design principles (see section 13.2.2) and would include:

Final land use for UDLP land
Final design and material composition for built form structures
Final landscape design
Final heritage interpretation plan
CPTED review of design (see section 13.5.8).

A detailed review and finalisation of architectural treatment of the project operational infrastructure, including ventilation facilities, would be undertaken during detailed design. The architectural treatment of these facilities would be guided by ventilation facility performance requirements, the outcomes of community consultation and the urban design principles identified in section 13.2.2.
Landscaping works would be carried out adjacent to disturbed areas, around operational
infrastructure (such as ventilation facilities), and in areas of new open space that would be provided at the Rozelle Rail Yards and adjacent to Victoria Road at Rozelle.
Areas where permanent operational infrastructure is proposed have been reviewed against the urban design principles developed for the project, which are outlined in Table 13-2. The outcome of this assessment is provided in Table 13-23.
The review has been carried out using the concept design, including preliminary designs for the built form elements of the project. It is difficult at this early stage of the design resolution to be conclusive with regard to all of the required urban design elements. The structures and facilities that would be provided for the project such as ventilation facilities, tunnel portals and water treatment plans would be would be detailed in the UDLPs that would be prepared for the project. The built form structures and facilities would be designed to complement the surrounding context, with a materials palette that
draws on the materials and textures of the surrounding areas to be developed during detailed design.
The nature of the design process is iterative and will continue to evolve as various elements become realised in detail and better coordinated as part of the whole project. With this in mind, a number of project design commitments are provided to guide the continued development of the project in line with the mitigation measures provided in section 13.6.
Urban design elements proposed for the areas where substantial surface infrastructure is planned (around the Rozelle interchange and the Iron Cove Link) is discussed in more detail in Appendix L (Technical working paper: Urban design).

13.6 Environmental management measures

The detailed design and construction of the M4-M5 Link project would be managed to ensure the identified landscape and visual impacts are minimised by implementation of a range of general and specific measures which are outlined in Table 13-24.
The environmental management measures provided in Table 13-24 have been developed in order to:

Avoid, reduce and manage identified potential landscape and visual impacts during construction and operation
Provide substantial mature and semi-mature street-tree planting for screening and shade, and mixed sizing of planting where stratification of the canopy is desired
Provide high quality finishes to buildings and vent facilities to facilitate long term durability of the design for effect with minimal maintenance, eg use of hard rock rather that concrete with a pigment which may fade over time
Improve open space to offset additional infrastructure, eg provision of street trees to adjoining local streets affected by the project
Improve active transport links to reduce reliance on motorway and local roads for short journeys.

Table 13-24 Environmental management measures – landscape and visual